2 Marks Questions
Unit 1 – Introduction to Computer System
Q.1 Define a computer system.
Answer :- A computer system is an integrated set of hardware and software components that work together to input, process, store, and output data in order to produce meaningful information.
computer system consists of:
Hardware
Software
Data
Users
Procedures
Q.2 What is computing?
Answer :-
Computing is the systematic use of computer technology to process information and solve problems efficiently.
In simple terms, computing involves:
Inputting data
Processing data according to logical rules or programs
Storing information
Producing output or results
It includes activities such as data processing, algorithm execution, information management, automation, communication, and decision-making using computer systems.
Q.3 Name any two input devices.
Answer
Two input devices are:
Keyboard
Mouse
Q.4 What is primary memory?
Answer :-
Primary memory is the main memory of a computer that stores data and instructions currently being used by the CPU.
Key points:
It is directly accessible by the CPU.
It stores temporary data and programs during execution.
It is faster than secondary memory.
It is generally volatile (data is lost when power is switched off), such as RAM.
Examples of primary memory include RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory).
Q.5 What is secondary memory?
Answer :-
Secondary memory is the storage memory of a computer used to store data and programs permanently.
Key points:
It is not directly accessed by the CPU.
It has a large storage capacity.
It is non-volatile, meaning data is not lost when power is switched off.
It is slower than primary memory.
Examples of secondary memory include hard disk, SSD, CD/DVD, and pen drive.
Q.6 Define bit and byte.
Answer :-
Bit: A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. It can have only two values: 0 or 1.
Byte: A byte is a group of 8 bits. It is used to represent a single character, such as a letter, number, or symbol.
Q.7 What is data deletion?
Answer :-
Data deletion is the process of removing data or information from a computer system or storage device so that it is no longer available for use.
In simple terms, it means erasing unwanted or unnecessary data from memory or storage to free space or maintain accuracy.
Q.8 What is cache memory?
Answer :-
Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the CPU and main memory (RAM) that stores frequently used data and instructions.
Key points:
It speeds up processing by reducing access time to data.
It stores temporary data that the CPU is likely to use again.
It is faster and smaller than RAM.
It improves the overall performance of the computer system.
Q.9 Write any two differences between RAM and ROM.
Answer :-
Two differences between RAM and ROM are:
Volatility
RAM is volatile; data is lost when power is switched off.
ROM is non-volatile; data is retained even when power is off.
Purpose
RAM stores data and programs currently in use.
ROM stores permanent instructions required to start the computer.
Q.10 What is data recovery?
Answer :-
Data recovery is the process of retrieving lost, deleted, or corrupted data from a computer system or storage device.
It is used when data is lost due to accidental deletion, system failure, virus attack, or hardware malfunction.
END
Unit 2: Introduction to Python
Q.1 What is Python? Write any two features of Python.
Answer :-
Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose programming language used for developing applications, data analysis, artificial intelligence, web development, and automation.
Two features of Python are:
Easy to learn and use due to its simple and readable syntax.
Interpreted language, which allows programs to be executed line by line without prior compilation.
Q.2 Differentiate between interactive mode and script mode in Python.
Answer :-
| Interactive Mode | Script Mode |
|---|---|
| Commands are executed one at a time. | The entire program is executed at once. |
| Used for testing and quick experiments. | Used for writing and saving programs. |
| Does not require saving the code in a file. | Code is saved in a file with .py extension. |
| Results are shown immediately after each command. | Output is shown after the program runs. |
Q.3 What is indentation in Python? Why is it important?
Answer :-
Indentation in Python refers to the spaces or tabs at the beginning of a line of code that define the structure and hierarchy of a program.
Importance of indentation in Python:
It is used to indicate blocks of code such as loops, functions, and conditional statements.
Python does not use braces ({ }); indentation itself defines the block.
Incorrect indentation results in an IndentationError.
It improves readability and clarity of the code.
In short, indentation is mandatory in Python and is essential for both program execution and code organization.
Q.4 Define identifiers. Give two examples of valid identifiers.
Answer :-
Identifiers are the names given to variables, functions, classes, or other objects in a program to identify them uniquely.
Examples of valid identifiers:
total_marksstudentName
Identifiers must start with a letter or underscore, can contain letters, digits, and underscores, and cannot be Python keywords.
Q.5 What is a comment in Python? Write its syntax.
Answer :-
A comment in Python is a non-executable line of text used to explain code or make it more readable. Comments are ignored by the Python interpreter.
Syntax of a comment in Python:# This is a single-line comment
Q.6 What is a mutable data type? Give one example.
Answer :-
A mutable data type is a data type whose value can be changed after it is created without creating a new object.
Example:
list(e.g.,numbers = [1, 2, 3])
Q.7 What is type conversion? Name its two types.
Answer :- Type conversion is the process of changing a value from one data type to another in a program.
Two types of type conversion are:
Implicit Type Conversion
Automatically performed by Python.
Example: converting
inttofloat.
Explicit Type Conversion
Performed manually by the programmer using functions like
int(),float(),str().
Q.8 What is debugging in Python programs?
Answer :-
Debugging in Python programs is the process of identifying, locating, and correcting errors (bugs) in a program so that it runs correctly and produces the expected output.
It involves analyzing syntax errors, runtime errors, and logical errors and fixing them through testing and careful examination of the code.
Q.9 Define a list. Write any two characteristics of lists.
Answer :-
A list in Python is a collection data type used to store multiple values in a single variable.
Two characteristics of lists are:
Lists are mutable, meaning their elements can be changed after creation.
Lists can store elements of different data types (such as integers, strings, etc.).
Q.10 What is a dictionary? How is it different from a list?
Answer :-
Dictionary:
A dictionary in Python is a collection data type that stores data in the form of key–value pairs.
Difference between Dictionary and List:
| Dictionary | List |
|---|---|
| Stores data as key–value pairs. | Stores data as elements in sequence. |
| Elements are accessed using keys. | Elements are accessed using index numbers. |
| Keys must be unique. | Elements may be duplicated. |
| Unordered collection. | Ordered collection. |
END
UNIT 3: DATABASE CONCEPTS & SQL
Q.1 What is a database? Why is it needed?
Answer :-
A database is an organized collection of related data stored electronically so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
Why a database is needed:
To store large amounts of data efficiently.
To retrieve information quickly when required.
To update, insert, and delete data easily.
To reduce data redundancy and improve data consistency.
To provide data security and controlled access.
Q.2 Define Database Management System (DBMS).
Answer :-
A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that allows users to create, store, manage, and retrieve data from a database in an efficient and organized manner.
It provides tools to insert, update, delete, and query data, while ensuring data security, integrity, and consistency.
Q.3 What is a relation in a relational database?
Answer :-
In a relational database, a relation refers to a table that stores data in an organized form.
Each relation consists of:
Rows (tuples) – representing individual records
Columns (attributes) – representing fields or data items
Thus, a relation is a two-dimensional table used to store related data in a relational database.
Q.4 Define the term domain in the relational data model.
Answer :-
In the relational data model, a domain is the set of all possible valid values that an attribute (column) in a relation can have.
In simple terms, a domain defines the type, range, and constraints of data allowed in a particular field.
Q.5 What is a primary key?
Answer :-
A primary key is a field (or combination of fields) in a database table that uniquely identifies each record.
Key characteristics of a primary key:
It must contain unique values.
It cannot have NULL values.
It ensures data integrity by preventing duplicate records.
Example: Student_ID in a student table.
Q.6 What is an alternate key?
Answer :-
An alternate key is a field (or set of fields) in a database table that can uniquely identify a record but is not selected as the primary key.
In other words, among all the candidate keys, the one chosen as the primary key is called the primary key, and the remaining candidate keys are called alternate keys.
Example:
If a student table has Roll_No and Email_ID as unique fields and Roll_No is chosen as the primary key, then Email_ID becomes an alternate key.
Q.7 What is SQL? Write its full form.
Answer :-
SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
SQL is a standard database language used to create, manage, and manipulate data in a relational database.
Q.8 Name any two advantages of using SQL.
Answer :-
Two advantages of using SQL are:
It allows easy and efficient retrieval of data from databases.
It is a standardized language, supported by most database management systems.
Q.9 What is Data Definition Language (DDL)?
Asnwer :-
Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL used to define, create, modify, and delete the structure of database objects such as tables, databases, and schemas.
Common DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, DROP, and TRUNCATE.
Q.10 Write any two examples of SQL data types.
Answer :-
Two examples of SQL data types are:
INT – Used to store integer (whole number) values.
VARCHAR – Used to store variable-length character strings.
END
UNIT 4: INTRODUCTION TO THE EMERGING TRENDS
Q.1 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Answer :- Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating machines or software capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence.
These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, speech recognition, and understanding natural language.
Q.2 Define Machine Learning.
Answer :-
Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computer systems to learn from data and improve their performance automatically without being explicitly programmed.
In machine learning, algorithms identify patterns in data and use them to make predictions or decisions.
Q.3 What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)?
Answer :- Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers to understand, interpret, and respond to human language in a natural way.
It allows machines to work with text and speech, such as language translation, voice assistants, chatbots, and sentiment analysis.
Q.4 What is Augmented Reality (AR)?
Answer :-
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that enhances the real-world environment by overlaying digital information such as images, text, audio, or 3D objects onto it in real time.
Unlike virtual reality, AR does not replace the real world; instead, it adds computer-generated elements to the existing physical surroundings, typically using devices like smartphones, tablets, or AR glasses.
Q.5 What is Virtual Reality (VR)?
Answer :- Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that creates a completely immersive, computer-generated environment that users can interact with as if it were real.
VR replaces the real world with a simulated environment, usually experienced through VR headsets, and is commonly used in gaming, training, education, and simulations.
Q.6 Define Big Data.
Answer : -Big Data refers to extremely large and complex sets of data that cannot be easily managed, processed, or analyzed using traditional data processing tools.
Big Data is characterized by the three Vs:
Volume – large amount of data
Velocity – high speed of data generation
Variety – different types of data (text, images, videos, etc.)